In a place where most contemporary buildings are constructed of concrete and cooled via standard air conditioning units, Issoufou’s work demonstrates that traditional techniques and site-derived materials are not only better for the environment, but also a high-performance option for the people who will occupy them.
Light-Touch Living in New Zealand
“Māori, New Zealand’s indigenous people, live by a series of underlying natural principles and behaviors,” says Stephen McDougall, a founding director at Studio Pacific Architecture in Wellington, the country’s capital. “Guardianship is one of these principles.”
Adopting this obligation to the land, McDougall designed Kāpiti House, his personal off-grid retreat set within 16 acres of regenerated wetlands on the Kāpiti coast, just north of Wellington. The home is designed to leave little trace on the environment and is operationally carbon positive, removing more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere than it contributes.
Two rural vernacular structures—a 1,750-square-foot barn for the main house and a separate two-story tower for guests—form the compound, which is constructed of cross-laminated timber, tempered hardboard, recycled local rimu wood, New Zealand wool insulation, and fly ash concrete. All these materials have a significantly lower carbon footprint than their standard counterparts. Thanks to solar panels, rainwater collection, on-site wastewater treatment, and a permaculture garden and orchard, the project is self-sufficient. Passive design strategies, including deep eaves for self-shading, cross-ventilation, and a high-efficiency envelope, mean it requires no heating or cooling.
“This approach reflects a shift from designing isolated buildings to designing systems that support the land over time,” says McDougall. It also sets a stunning example of low-impact rural living.
Earthquake-Safe Wattle and Daub in Chile
In extremely seismically active Chile, an 8,000-year-old residential construction technique has proven one of the best defenses. Quincha, or wattle-and-daub building, covers an interwoven wood framework (wattle) with a mixture of mud and straw (daub), waterproofed with a thin layer of lime plaster. The lattice-like timber structure and heavy thermal mass make it inherently stable, allowing it to shake without damage.
The ancient method—which is both sustainable and hyperlocal because the elements can typically be found on-site—is now being revived by forward-thinking architects for earthquake-safe, passively cooled housing projects across the country. Outside of the capital city of Santiago, architect Marcelo Cortés recently designed the 1,075-square-foot, two-story Casa Peñalolén using quincha metálica, a contemporary version of the technique that covers a steel frame and metal wire with tecno-barro, or mud stabilized with lime, to reinforce walls and ceilings.
Architects Bárbara Barreda and Felipe Sepulveda, cofounders of the Chilean firm Base Studio, are also exploring the historic style of architecture in a new organic form, adding local clay to the material mix by enveloping the house in 10,000 fired tiles. While the project is still in the works, the duo is building a 1:1 scale mockup this fall.
Bamboo, Bricks, and Recycled Plastic in Malaysia
Illustration: Ibrahim Rayintakath
Architect Eleena Jamil has built her eponymous firm in the Malaysian state of Selangor around contextual architecture, “a departure from the modernist ideal of the air-conditioned glass box prevalent in many tropical developing regions,” she explains. “In Malaysia, the standard way of building [contemporary] houses is based on reinforced concrete floor slabs and frames, with plastered brickwork for walls. Roofs are typically held up by metal trusses and covered with interlocking tiles.” Her practice aims to present a lower-carbon, locally sourced alternative.