Author: Admin

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) constitute a diverse family, with major subtypes including exosomes (30–150 nm), released through fusion of multivesicular bodies with the cell membrane; microvesicles (100–1000 nm), generated by budding from the plasma membrane; and apoptotic bodies (500–2000 nm), formed by the disintegration of apoptotic cells [1]. Additionally, other subtypes such as large vesicles (>1000 nm), elongated particles (50–500 nm), and supramolecular attack particles are also recognized [2]. These EVs play a pivotal role in cell biology, including the transport and recycling of intracellular and membrane proteins, intercellular transfer of proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites, and the transmission of neural signals…

Device fabricationMemristive devices were fabricated by sandwiching a SiO2 insulator in between a platinum bottom electrode and a silver top electrode. The choice of silver as the top electrode is based on its electrochemical activity which allows dissolution of silver atoms and migration of Ag+ ions at lower voltages compared to other noble metals, while platinum was chosen as the counter-electrode because it is electrochemical inert (details on the selection of materials and device configuration can be found in Supplementary Section 5). The pad structure devices were fabricated on a thermally oxidized silicon substrate starting with the d.c. magnetron sputtering…

Published: September 2025 Pages: 390 Companies Profiled: 375 Sample Company Profile The Graphene Company Directory 2025 covers over 375 companies in the Graphene and 2D Materials ecosystem, providing a comprehensive view of the landscape for investors, start-ups, corporations, policy makers, and governments. The directory features detailed data on each graphene producer and product developer company, including basic company information, technological specifications, funding data and investment raised, production capacities and full contact details. Companies profiled include Black Swan Graphene, Cerebral Energy,  First Graphene, Global Graphene Group, Graphene Manufacturing Group (GMG), Haydale Graphene Industries, Hydrograph Clean Power,  INBRAIN Neuroelectronics,  NanoXplore, Sparc Technologies …

Researchers enhance a 2D ferromagnetic material by layering with a topological insulator to reveal stronger, tuneable behaviour for next-generation quantum devices  Quantum tech (Courtesy: Shutterstock/Dmitriy Rybin) Exchange-coupled interfaces offer a powerful route to stabilising and enhancing ferromagnetic properties in two-dimensional materials, such as transition metal chalcogenides. These materials exhibit strong correlations among charge, spin, orbital, and lattice degrees of freedom, making them an exciting area for emergent quantum phenomena. Cr₂Te₃’s crystal structure naturally forms layers that behave like two-dimensional sheets of magnetic material. Each layer has magnetic ordering (ferromagnetism), but the layers are not tightly bonded in the third dimension…

This November in San Diego, top researchers and microscopy specialists will meet to exchange insights on the latest tools advancing life sciences. PI (Physik Instrumente) engineers will present high-precision motion and nanopositioning systems designed to enhance performance in super-resolution microscopy, live-cell imaging, and 3D optical metrology applications. Advanced micro- and nanopositioning solutions for SR-microscopy, microtomy, DNA sequencing, cell manipulation, microsurgery, and patch clamp. Image Credit: PI (Physik Instrumente) LP Direct-Drive Linear Stages for Microtomy US-manufactured compact, precision linear stages, such as the V-141 and V-131 series, along with piezo nanopositioning stages, are well suited for microtome applications. Piezo-Driven Nano-Focus Motors…

I’ve been trying to understand one of the latest AI coding buzzword: Spec-driven development (SDD). I looked at three of the tools that label themselves as SDD tools and tried to untangle what it means, as of now. Definition Like with many emerging terms in this fast-paced space, the definition of “spec-driven development” (SDD) is still in flux. Here’s what I can gather from how I have seen it used so far: Spec-driven development means writing a “spec” before writing code with AI (“documentation first”). The spec becomes the source of truth for the human and the AI. GitHub: “In…

Rethinking Our Data Engineering ProcessWhen you’re starting a new team, you’re often faced with a crucial dilemma: Do you stick with your existing way of working to get up and running quickly, promising yourself to do the refactoring later? Or do you take the time to rethink your approach from the ground up?We encountered this dilemma in April 2023 when we launched a new data science team focused on forecasting within bol’s capacity steering product team. Within the team, we often joked that “there’s nothing as permanent as a temporary solution,” because rushed implementations often lead to long-term headaches.These quick…

Imagine a company that just a couple of years ago operated according to traditional models: an office, business trips, PowerPoint presentations, and standard online meetings. Now, the same team gathers in a virtual office, communicates through avatars, conducts product demonstrations in realistic 3D spaces, and trains employees within interactive simulations. Customers visit their digital showroom and interact with products in ways that were previously only possible in person. This company is not fiction — stories like this are becoming increasingly common. And it’s all thanks to the Metaverse. The McKinsey report states that the metaverse could generate up to $5…

The Eclipse Foundation today introduced the Agent Definition Language (ADL), an open language and visual toolkit for defining agent behavior. It was introduced as a part of the Eclipse Language Models Operating System (LMOS) project, an open source platform for building and running multi-agent systems. “Agentic AI is redefining enterprise software, yet until now there has been no open source alternatives to proprietary offerings,” said Mike Milinkovich, executive director of the Eclipse Foundation. “With Eclipse LMOS and ADL, we’re delivering a powerful, open platform that any organisation can use to build scalable, intelligent, and transparent agentic systems.” According to the…

Today’s web is not always an amiable place. Sites greet you with a popover that demands assent to their cookie policy, and leave you with Taboola ads promising “One Weird Trick!” to cure your ailments. Social media sites are tuned for engagement, and few things are more engaging than a fight. Today it seems that people want to quarrel; I have seen flame wars among birders.   Article Continues Below These tensions are often at odds with a site’s goals. If we are providing support and advice to customers, we don’t want those customers to wrangle with each other. If…