Galluzzi, L., Chan, T. A., Kroemer, G., Wolchok, J. D. & Lopez-Soto, A. The hallmarks of successful anticancer immunotherapy. Sci. Transl. Med. 10, eaat7807 (2018).
Waldman, A. D., Fritz, J. M. & Lenardo, M. J. A guide to cancer immunotherapy: from T cell basic science to clinical practice. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 20, 651–668 (2020).
Carlino, M. S., Larkin, J. & Long, G. V. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in melanoma. Lancet 398, 1002–1014 (2021).
Carlisle, J. W., Steuer, C. E., Owonikoko, T. K. & Saba, N. F. An update on the immune landscape in lung and head and neck cancers. CA Cancer J. Clin. 70, 505–517 (2020).
Atkins, M. B., Clark, J. I. & Quinn, D. I. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced renal cell carcinoma: experience to date and future directions. Ann. Oncol. 28, 1484–1494 (2017).
Ribas, A. & Wolchok, J. D. Cancer immunotherapy using checkpoint blockade. Science 359, 1350–1355 (2018).
Morad, G., Helmink, B. A., Sharma, P. & Wargo, J. A. Hallmarks of response, resistance, and toxicity to immune checkpoint blockade. Cell 184, 5309–5337 (2021).
O’Donnell, J. S., Teng, M. W. L. & Smyth, M. J. Cancer immunoediting and resistance to T cell-based immunotherapy. Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 16, 151–167 (2019).
Zou, W., Wolchok, J. D. & Chen, L. PD-L1 (B7-H1) and PD-1 pathway blockade for cancer therapy: mechanisms, response biomarkers, and combinations. Sci. Transl. Med. 8, 328rv324 (2016).
Hirsch, L., Zitvogel, L., Eggermont, A. & Marabelle, A. PD-Loma: a cancer entity with a shared sensitivity to the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway blockade. Br. J. Cancer 120, 3–5 (2019).
Galluzzi, L., Humeau, J., Buqué, A., Zitvogel, L. & Kroemer, G. Immunostimulation with chemotherapy in the era of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 17, 725–741 (2020).
Voorwerk, L. et al. Immune induction strategies in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer to enhance the sensitivity to PD-1 blockade: the TONIC trial. Nat. Med. 25, 920–928 (2019).
Pujade-Lauraine, E. et al. Avelumab alone or in combination with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in platinum-resistant or platinum-refractory ovarian cancer (JAVELIN Ovarian 200): an open-label, three-arm, randomised, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol. 22, 1034–1046 (2021).
Kroemer, G., Galassi, C., Zitvogel, L. & Galluzzi, L. Immunogenic cell stress and death. Nat. Immunol. 23, 487–500 (2022).
Fucikova, J. et al. Detection of immunogenic cell death and its relevance for cancer therapy. Cell Death Dis. 11, 1013 (2020).
Krysko, D. V. et al. Immunogenic cell death and DAMPs in cancer therapy. Nat. Rev. Cancer 12, 860–875 (2012).
Dagogo-Jack, I. & Shaw, A. T. Tumour heterogeneity and resistance to cancer therapies. Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 15, 81–94 (2018).
Vitale, I., Shema, E., Loi, S. & Galluzzi, L. Intratumoral heterogeneity in cancer progression and response to immunotherapy. Nat. Med. 27, 212–224 (2021).
Marusyk, A., Janiszewska, M. & Polyak, K. Intratumor heterogeneity: the Rosetta stone of therapy resistance. Cancer Cell 37, 471–484 (2020).
Loh, J. J. & Ma, S. Hallmarks of cancer stemness. Cell Stem Cell 31, 617–639 (2024).
Bayik, D. & Lathia, J. D. Cancer stem cell–immune cell crosstalk in tumour progression. Nat. Rev. Cancer 21, 526–536 (2021).
Lytle, N. K., Barber, A. G. & Reya, T. Stem cell fate in cancer growth, progression and therapy resistance. Nat. Rev. Cancer 18, 669–680 (2018).
Schatton, T. et al. Modulation of T-cell activation by malignant melanoma initiating cells. Cancer Res. 70, 697–708 (2010).
Castagnoli, L. et al. WNT signaling modulates PD-L1 expression in the stem cell compartment of triple-negative breast cancer. Oncogene 38, 4047–4060 (2019).
Hsu, J. M. et al. STT3-dependent PD-L1 accumulation on cancer stem cells promotes immune evasion. Nat. Commun. 9, 1908 (2018).
Miao, Y. et al. Adaptive immune resistance emerges from tumor-initiating stem cells. Cell 177, 1172–1186.e14 (2019).
Taniguchi, S. et al. Tumor-initiating cells establish an IL-33-TGF-β niche signaling loop to promote cancer progression. Science 369, eaay1813 (2020).
Derynck, R., Turley, S. J. & Akhurst, R. J. TGFβ biology in cancer progression and immunotherapy. Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 18, 9–34 (2021).
Zhang, Q. et al. CCL5-mediated Th2 immune polarization promotes metastasis in luminal breast cancer. Cancer Res. 75, 4312–4321 (2015).
Liu, C. et al. ALDH1A1 activity in tumor-initiating cells remodels myeloid-derived suppressor cells to promote breast cancer progression. Cancer Res. 81, 5919–5934 (2021).
Yin, J. et al. ARS2/MAGL signaling in glioblastoma stem cells promotes self-renewal and M2-like polarization of tumor-associated macrophages. Nat. Commun. 11, 2978 (2020).
Shidal, C., Singh, N. P., Nagarkatti, P. & Nagarkatti, M. MicroRNA-92 expression in CD133+ melanoma stem cells regulates immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment via integrin-dependent activation of TGFβ. Cancer Res. 79, 3622–3635 (2019).
Chen, P., Hsu, W. H., Han, J., Xia, Y. & DePinho, R. A. Cancer stemness meets immunity: from mechanism to therapy. Cell Rep. 34, 108597 (2021).
Galluzzi, L. & Kroemer, G. Immuno-epigenetic escape of cancer stem cells. Nat. Immunol. 23, 1300–1302 (2022).
Blanco-Fernandez, G., Blanco-Fernandez, B., Fernández-Ferreiro, A. & Otero-Espinar, F. Bringing lipidic lyotropic liquid crystal technology into biomedicine. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 44, 7–10 (2022).
Rajabalaya, R., Musa, M. N., Kifli, N. & David, S. R. Oral and transdermal drug delivery systems: role of lipid-based lyotropic liquid crystals. Drug Des. Devel. Ther. 11, 393–406 (2017).
Wang, Z. Y. & Chen, Z. Acute promyelocytic leukemia: from highly fatal to highly curable. Blood 111, 2505–2515 (2008).
Nguyen, P. H. et al. All-trans retinoic acid targets gastric cancer stem cells and inhibits patient-derived gastric carcinoma tumor growth. Oncogene 35, 5619–5628 (2016).
Yao, W. et al. All-trans retinoic acid reduces cancer stem cell-like cell-mediated resistance to gefitinib in NSCLC adenocarcinoma cells. BMC Cancer 20, 315 (2020).
Li, R. J. et al. All-trans retinoic acid stealth liposomes prevent the relapse of breast cancer arising from the cancer stem cells. J. Control. Release 149, 281–291 (2011).
Sun, R. et al. Co-delivery of all-trans-retinoic acid and doxorubicin for cancer therapy with synergistic inhibition of cancer stem cells. Biomaterials 37, 405–414 (2015).
Shen, S. et al. A nanotherapeutic strategy to overcome chemotherapeutic resistance of cancer stem-like cells. Nat. Nanotechnol. 16, 104–113 (2021).
Luo, Y. et al. ALDH1A isozymes are markers of human melanoma stem cells and potential therapeutic targets. Stem Cells 30, 2100–2113 (2012).
Schatton, T. et al. Identification of cells initiating human melanomas. Nature 451, 345–349 (2008).
Obeid, M. et al. Calreticulin exposure dictates the immunogenicity of cancer cell death. Nat. Med. 13, 54–61 (2007).
Mu, L. M. et al. Development of functional dendrisomes based on a single molecule of polyesterbenzylether dendrimer and their application in cancer stem cell therapy. NPG Asia Mater. 11, 34 (2019).
Chen, X. Y. et al. Differentiation-inducing and anti-proliferative activities of isoliquiritigenin and all-trans-retinoic acid on B16F0 melanoma cells: mechanisms profiling by RNA-seq. Gene 592, 86–98 (2016).
Silvestrini, A. V. P., Caron, A. L., Viegas, J., Praça, F. G. & Bentley, M. Advances in lyotropic liquid crystal systems for skin drug delivery. Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 17, 1781–1805 (2020).
Wang, B. et al. Self-assembling in situ gel based on lyotropic liquid crystals containing VEGF for tissue regeneration. Acta Biomater. 99, 84–99 (2019).
Chen, Q. et al. In situ sprayed bioresponsive immunotherapeutic gel for post-surgical cancer treatment. Nat. Nanotechnol. 14, 89–97 (2019).
Wang, C. et al. In situ formed reactive oxygen species–responsive scaffold with gemcitabine and checkpoint inhibitor for combination therapy. Sci. Transl. Med. 10, eaan3682 (2018).
Jiang, G. et al. Single-cell transcriptomics reveal the heterogeneity and dynamic of cancer stem-like cells during breast tumor progression. Cell Death Dis. 12, 979 (2021).
Attalla, S., Taifour, T., Bui, T. & Muller, W. Insights from transgenic mouse models of PyMT-induced breast cancer: recapitulating human breast cancer progression in vivo. Oncogene 40, 475–491 (2021).
Chao, Y. et al. Localized cocktail chemoimmunotherapy after in situ gelation to trigger robust systemic antitumor immune responses. Sci. Adv. 6, eaaz4204 (2020).
Lofwall, M. R. et al. Weekly and monthly subcutaneous buprenorphine depot formulations vs daily sublingual buprenorphine with naloxone for treatment of opioid use disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern. Med. 178, 764–773 (2018).
Wei, J. et al. A bioadhesive barrier-forming oral liquid gel improved oral mucositis and nutritional status in patients with head and neck cancers undergoing radiotherapy: a retrospective single center study. Front. Oncol. 11, 617392 (2021).
Barauskas, J. et al. Bioadhesive lipid compositions: self-assembly structures, functionality, and medical applications. Mol. Pharm. 11, 895–903 (2014).

